Pentecost Sunday: is the day Christians remember when the Holy Spirit came upon the disciples after Jesus ascended into heaven.
It happened in Acts 2, when the disciples were gathered together in Jerusalem. The Holy Spirit came like a mighty rushing wind, tongues like fire rested on them, and they began speaking in other languages. Peter then preached, and about 3,000 people were added that day.
Pentecost Sunday is the birthday of the New Testament church.
It is called “Pentecost” because it happened during the Jewish Feast of Pentecost, also called the Feast of Weeks, which came 50 days after Passover.
Prophetic dual fulfillment:
is a hermeneutical - (study of interpretation) concept in biblical studies where a single prophetic statement has both an immediate, short-term historical fulfillment and a secondary, long-term spiritual or literal fulfillment.
Examples:
1. Isaiah 7:14 / Matthew 1:22–23
Near fulfillment: a child/sign in Isaiah’s own historical setting.
Fuller fulfillment: Christ born of the virgin Mary.
2. Hosea 11:1 / Matthew 2:15
Near fulfillment: Israel called out of Egypt in the Exodus.
Fuller fulfillment: Jesus coming out of Egypt after Herod’s death.
Acts 2
1 When the day of Pentecost arrived, they were all together in one place. 2 And suddenly there came from heaven a sound like a mighty rushing wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. 3 And divided tongues as of fire appeared to them and rested on each one of them. 4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit gave them utterance.
5 Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men from every nation under heaven. 6 And at this sound the multitude came together, and they were bewildered, because each one was hearing them speak in his own language.
Peter's Sermon at Pentecost
14 But Peter, standing with the eleven, lifted up his voice and addressed them: “Men of Judea and all who dwell in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and give ear to my words. 15 For these people are not drunk, as you suppose, since it is only the third hour of the day. 16 But this is what was uttered through the prophet Joel:
17 “‘And in the last days it shall be, God declares,
that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh,
and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy,
and your young men shall see visions,
and your old men shall dream dreams;
18 even on my male servants and female servants
in those days I will pour out my Spirit, and they shall prophesy.
19 And I will show wonders in the heavens above
and signs on the earth below,
blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke;
20 the sun shall be turned to darkness
and the moon to blood,
before the day of the Lord comes, the great and magnificent day.
21 And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.’
Joel 2 was written centuries (800 years) before Pentecost.
Joel 2 is a national call to repentance during a crisis in Judah.
The crops are ruined, the temple offerings are interrupted, and the nation is being humbled before God.
Joel is saying: do not just mourn the disaster; return to the Lord.
Joel 2
Return to the Lord
12 “Yet even now,” declares the Lord,
“return to me with all your heart,
with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning;
13 and rend your hearts and not your garments.”
Return to the Lord your God,
for he is gracious and merciful,
slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love;
and he relents over disaster.
14 Who knows whether he will not turn and relent,
and leave a blessing behind him,
a grain offering and a drink offering
for the Lord your God?
15 Blow the trumpet in Zion;
consecrate a fast;
call a solemn assembly;
16 gather the people.
Consecrate the congregation;
assemble the elders;
gather the children,
even nursing infants.
Let the bridegroom leave his room,
and the bride her chamber.
17 Between the vestibule and the altar
let the priests, the ministers of the Lord, weep
and say, “Spare your people, O Lord,
and make not your heritage a reproach,
a byword among the nations.
Why should they say among the peoples,
‘Where is their God?’”
Joel 2:28-29
The Lord Will Pour Out His Spirit
28 “And it shall come to pass afterward,
that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh;
your sons and your daughters shall prophesy,
your old men shall dream dreams,
and your young men shall see visions.
29 Even on the male and female servants
in those days I will pour out my Spirit.
30 “And I will show wonders in the heavens and on the earth, blood and fire and columns of smoke. 31 The sun shall be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, before the great and awesome day of the Lord comes. 32 And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved. For in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there shall be those who escape, as the Lord has said, and among the survivors shall be those whom the Lord calls.
Matthew 24:29-30 ESV
The Coming of the Son of Man
29 “Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. 30 Then will appear in heaven the sign of the Son of Man, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.
Acts and Joel shows what can happen when God’s people gather, pray, repent,
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